簡單紀錄重新格式化代碼、代碼清理的使用及設定方法
為了要讓團隊成員在撰寫代碼的時候有統一的格式,讓其他成員能夠迅速的瞭解程式碼,不因為個人風格的喜好而影響,通常我們會定義程式碼撰寫風格來讓團隊成員遵守,這個東西大概就是團隊成員一同遵守的Coding Style
,像是EditorConfig或是大名鼎鼎的ESLint等等工具,其實都是在定義一系列的規則,輔助團隊透過各種支援的 IDE 達成程式碼風格的一致性
Rider 所提供的 Reformat Code 功能則是可以依據自行定義好的規則進行自動格式化,當然這些規則需要自己去設定裡面先定義好各種語言的 Code Style
設定的細節非常的多,尤其是 csharp, 就不一一截圖了,一般使用者應該也是跟我一樣直接使用預設值,然後針對結果再去做微調的動作
而呼叫使用的方式,則可以從 keymap 裡面去搜尋然後自行設定熱鍵
可以看見有三個執行的方式
reformat code
這個方式就只是最簡單的幫你把代碼重新格式化排版而已
reformat and Cleanup
採用這個方式的話他會再跳出視窗詢問你要套用哪一套規則來做 CleanUp 的動作
當然在檔案總管的部分也可以透過右鍵找到 reformat and cleanup
的選項,一樣可以跳出視窗,如果規則都設定完成的話,可以一次將專案所有程式碼都先作一次 cleanup 然後 Commit,之後的開發 commit 內容應該也會比較乾淨些,更容易看到 Diff 的差異
silent reformat and cleanup
跟上面一個一樣,只是會需要你先指定一份設定檔,就不會再跳出視窗詢問了
設定的方式在 Editor
->Code Cleanup
上面的三個是預設的,沒有辦法修改,如果需要自訂,則必須要透過新增,或複製現有的設定出來再自行調整,指定 silent 的預設,可以從上方的 ICON 來指定預設使用哪一份 cleanup 的設定,調整細節就透過右邊的 checkbox
引入團隊
如果想要將統一的風格推給團隊,我目前的首選還是透過EditorConfig
來做這件事情,先把規則設定完畢,然後將.editorConfig commit 進去,然後再請團隊成員依據他們慣用的編輯器來將 EditorConfig 的環境準備好
支援的編輯器可以在EditorConfig 官網下方看到,以VSCode
為例,需要安裝EditorConfig for VS Code這套件,但其實還需要本機安裝EditorConfig JavaScript Core才行
Rider 可以將設定資料匯出,應該有點用
我的使用習慣
實務上我用到 cleanup 的機會其實不多,使用預設的 Reformat Code 來做格式化,因為預設的就蠻符合我要的,不變動太多程式碼,然後將縮排弄好,然後在自己新開發的程式碼檔案,在 Commit 之前才會作一次 cleanup,但如果是在前端 vue.js SFC 的部分,就會蠻常使用的。
因為我覺得他 Vue.js cleanup 的效果還不錯,尤其是亂亂的 HTML 屬性夾雜 vue 語法,有個統一的格式在習慣之後,維護起來也很方便,調整 Import 的順序也很不錯。
這些都有微調的空間,如果還想深究的話,官方文件及動手嘗試是好辦法。
補充 FileLayout.xml
Editor
->Code Style
->C#
->File Layout
在組織程式直線碼的部分可以透過設定 FileLayout.xml 來處理,直接參考人家寫好的範例再自行微調會比較簡單,雖然在 Resharper 裡面有 GUI 可以設定,然後再將 XML 搬來 Rider 使用也行,但直接看 XML 應該也可以理解,尤其是範例寫得還蠻清楚,照著跑一次比對一下結果應該也能理解。所以沒有很推 GUI 的設定介面。
修改完畢 XML 之後執行 Silent Reformat and Cleanup
就可以看到結果了。
<Patterns xmlns="urn:schemas-jetbrains-com:member-reordering-patterns">
<TypePattern DisplayName="Non-reorderable types">
<TypePattern.Match>
<Or>
<And>
<Kind Is="Interface" />
<Or>
<HasAttribute Name="System.Runtime.InteropServices.InterfaceTypeAttribute" />
<HasAttribute Name="System.Runtime.InteropServices.ComImport" />
</Or>
</And>
<Kind Is="Struct" />
<HasAttribute Name="JetBrains.Annotations.NoReorderAttribute" />
<HasAttribute Name="JetBrains.Annotations.NoReorder" />
</Or>
</TypePattern.Match>
</TypePattern>
<TypePattern DisplayName="xUnit.net Test Classes" RemoveRegions="All">
<TypePattern.Match>
<And>
<Kind Is="Class" />
<HasMember>
<And>
<Kind Is="Method" />
<HasAttribute Name="Xunit.FactAttribute" Inherited="True" />
<HasAttribute Name="Xunit.TheoryAttribute" Inherited="True" />
</And>
</HasMember>
</And>
</TypePattern.Match>
<Region Name="Setup/Teardown">
<Entry DisplayName="Setup/Teardown Methods">
<Entry.Match>
<Or>
<Kind Is="Constructor" />
<And>
<Kind Is="Method" />
<ImplementsInterface Name="System.IDisposable" />
</And>
</Or>
</Entry.Match>
<Entry.SortBy>
<Kind>
<Kind.Order>
<DeclarationKind>Constructor</DeclarationKind>
</Kind.Order>
</Kind>
</Entry.SortBy>
</Entry>
</Region>
<Entry DisplayName="All other members" />
<Entry DisplayName="Test Methods" Priority="100">
<Entry.Match>
<And>
<Kind Is="Method" />
<Or>
<HasAttribute Name="Xunit.FactAttribute" Inherited="false" />
<HasAttribute Name="Xunit.TheoryAttribute" Inherited="false" />
</Or>
</And>
</Entry.Match>
<Entry.SortBy>
<Name />
</Entry.SortBy>
</Entry>
</TypePattern>
<TypePattern DisplayName="NUnit Test Fixtures" RemoveRegions="All">
<TypePattern.Match>
<And>
<Kind Is="Class" />
<Or>
<HasAttribute Name="NUnit.Framework.TestFixtureAttribute" Inherited="true" />
<HasAttribute Name="NUnit.Framework.TestFixtureSourceAttribute" Inherited="true" />
<HasMember>
<And>
<Kind Is="Method" />
<HasAttribute Name="NUnit.Framework.TestAttribute" Inherited="false" />
<HasAttribute Name="NUnit.Framework.TestCaseAttribute" Inherited="false" />
<HasAttribute Name="NUnit.Framework.TestCaseSourceAttribute" Inherited="false" />
</And>
</HasMember>
</Or>
</And>
</TypePattern.Match>
<Region Name="Setup/Teardown">
<Entry DisplayName="Setup/Teardown Methods">
<Entry.Match>
<And>
<Kind Is="Method" />
<Or>
<HasAttribute Name="NUnit.Framework.SetUpAttribute" Inherited="true" />
<HasAttribute Name="NUnit.Framework.TearDownAttribute" Inherited="true" />
<HasAttribute Name="NUnit.Framework.TestFixtureSetUpAttribute" Inherited="true" />
<HasAttribute Name="NUnit.Framework.TestFixtureTearDownAttribute" Inherited="true" />
<HasAttribute Name="NUnit.Framework.OneTimeSetUpAttribute" Inherited="true" />
<HasAttribute Name="NUnit.Framework.OneTimeTearDownAttribute" Inherited="true" />
</Or>
</And>
</Entry.Match>
</Entry>
</Region>
<Entry DisplayName="All other members" />
<Entry DisplayName="Test Methods" Priority="100">
<Entry.Match>
<And>
<Kind Is="Method" />
<Or>
<HasAttribute Name="NUnit.Framework.TestAttribute" Inherited="false" />
<HasAttribute Name="NUnit.Framework.TestCaseAttribute" Inherited="false" />
<HasAttribute Name="NUnit.Framework.TestCaseSourceAttribute" Inherited="false" />
</Or>
</And>
</Entry.Match>
<Entry.SortBy>
<Name />
</Entry.SortBy>
</Entry>
</TypePattern>
<TypePattern DisplayName="MSTest Test Classes" RemoveRegions="All">
<TypePattern.Match>
<And>
<Kind Is="Class" />
<Or>
<HasAttribute Name="Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting.TestClassAttribute" Inherited="true" />
<HasMember>
<And>
<Kind Is="Method" />
<HasAttribute Name="Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting.TestMethodAttribute" Inherited="false" />
<HasAttribute Name="Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting.TestInitializeAttribute" Inherited="false" />
</And>
</HasMember>
</Or>
</And>
</TypePattern.Match>
<Region Name="Setup/Teardown">
<Entry DisplayName="Setup/Teardown Methods">
<Entry.Match>
<And>
<Kind Is="Method" />
<Or>
<HasAttribute Name="Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting.TestInitializeAttribute" Inherited="false" />
</Or>
</And>
</Entry.Match>
</Entry>
</Region>
<Entry DisplayName="All other members" />
<Entry DisplayName="Test Methods" Priority="100">
<Entry.Match>
<And>
<Kind Is="Method" />
<Or>
<HasAttribute Name="Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting.TestMethodAttribute" Inherited="false" />
</Or>
</And>
</Entry.Match>
<Entry.SortBy>
<Name />
</Entry.SortBy>
</Entry>
</TypePattern>
<TypePattern DisplayName="Default Pattern">
<Region Name="PUBLIC CONSTANTS">
<Entry DisplayName="Public Constants">
<Entry.Match>
<And>
<Access Is="Public" />
<Kind Is="Constant" />
</And>
</Entry.Match>
</Entry>
</Region>
<Region Name="PUBLIC READONLY FIELDS">
<Entry DisplayName="Public Readonly Fields">
<Entry.Match>
<And>
<Access Is="Public" />
<Readonly />
<Kind Is="Field" />
</And>
</Entry.Match>
</Entry>
</Region>
<Region Name="PUBLIC STATIC FIELDS">
<Entry DisplayName="Public Static Fields">
<Entry.Match>
<And>
<Access Is="Public" />
<Static />
<Kind Is="Field" />
</And>
</Entry.Match>
</Entry>
</Region>
<Region Name="PUBLIC FIELDS">
<Entry DisplayName="Public Fields">
<Entry.Match>
<And>
<Access Is="Public" />
<Kind Is="Field" />
</And>
</Entry.Match>
</Entry>
</Region>
<Region Name="CONSTANTS">
<Entry DisplayName="Constants">
<Entry.Match>
<Kind Is="Constant" />
</Entry.Match>
</Entry>
</Region>
<Region Name="READONLY FIELDS">
<Entry DisplayName="Readonly Fields">
<Entry.Match>
<And>
<Readonly />
<Kind Is="Field" />
</And>
</Entry.Match>
</Entry>
</Region>
<Region Name="STATIC FIELDS">
<Entry DisplayName="Static Fields">
<Entry.Match>
<And>
<Static />
<Kind Is="Field" />
</And>
</Entry.Match>
</Entry>
</Region>
<Region Name="FIELDS">
<Entry DisplayName="Fields">
<Entry.Match>
<And>
<Kind Is="Field" />
</And>
</Entry.Match>
</Entry>
</Region>
<Region Name="PUBLIC ENUMS">
<Entry DisplayName="Public Enums" Priority="100">
<Entry.Match>
<And>
<Access Is="Public" />
<Kind Is="Enum" />
</And>
</Entry.Match>
</Entry>
</Region>
<Region Name="ENUMS">
<Entry DisplayName="Enums" Priority="100">
<Entry.Match>
<Kind Is="Enum" />
</Entry.Match>
</Entry>
</Region>
<Region Name="PUBLIC DELEGATES">
<Entry DisplayName="Public Delegates" Priority="100">
<Entry.Match>
<And>
<Access Is="Public" />
<Or>
<Kind Is="Delegate" />
<Kind Is="Event" />
</Or>
</And>
</Entry.Match>
</Entry>
</Region>
<Region Name="DELEGATES">
<Entry DisplayName="Delegates" Priority="100">
<Entry.Match>
<Or>
<Kind Is="Delegate" />
<Kind Is="Event" />
</Or>
</Entry.Match>
</Entry>
</Region>
<Region Name="PUBLIC PROPERTIES">
<Entry DisplayName="Public Properties">
<Entry.Match>
<And>
<Access Is="Public" />
<Kind Is="Property" />
</And>
</Entry.Match>
<Entry.SortBy>
<Kind>
<Kind.Order>
<DeclarationKind>Autoproperty</DeclarationKind>
</Kind.Order>
</Kind>
</Entry.SortBy>
</Entry>
</Region>
<Region Name="PROPERTIES">
<Entry DisplayName="Properties">
<Entry.Match>
<Kind Is="Property" />
</Entry.Match>
<Entry.SortBy>
<Kind>
<Kind.Order>
<DeclarationKind>Autoproperty</DeclarationKind>
</Kind.Order>
</Kind>
</Entry.SortBy>
</Entry>
</Region>
<Region Name="INDEXERS">
<Entry DisplayName="Indexers">
<Entry.Match>
<Kind Is="Indexer" />
</Entry.Match>
</Entry>
</Region>
<Region Name="OPERATORS">
<Entry DisplayName="Operators">
<Entry.Match>
<Kind Is="Operator" />
</Entry.Match>
</Entry>
</Region>
<Region Name="CONSTRUCTORS">
<Entry DisplayName="Constructors">
<Entry.Match>
<Kind Is="Constructor" />
</Entry.Match>
<Entry.SortBy>
<Static/>
</Entry.SortBy>
</Entry>
</Region>
<Region Name="DESTRUCTORS">
<Entry DisplayName="Destructors">
<Entry.Match>
<Kind Is="Destructor" />
</Entry.Match>
<Entry.SortBy>
<Static/>
</Entry.SortBy>
</Entry>
</Region>
<Region Name="INTERFACE IMPLEMENTATIONS" Priority="100">
<Region Name="${0}" Priority="100">
<Region.GroupBy>
<ImplementsInterface Immediate="True" />
</Region.GroupBy>
<Entry DisplayName="Interface Members" Priority="100">
<Entry.Match>
<And>
<Kind Is="Member" />
<ImplementsInterface />
</And>
</Entry.Match>
<Entry.SortBy>
<ImplementsInterface Immediate="true" />
</Entry.SortBy>
</Entry>
</Region>
</Region>
<Region Name="PUBLIC METHODS">
<Entry DisplayName="Public Methods">
<Entry.Match>
<And>
<Access Is="Public" />
<Kind Is="Method" />
</And>
</Entry.Match>
</Entry>
</Region>
<Region Name="METHODS">
<Entry DisplayName="Methods">
<Entry.Match>
<Kind Is="Method" />
</Entry.Match>
</Entry>
</Region>
<Region Name="OTHER MEMBERS">
<Entry DisplayName="All Other Members" />
</Region>
<Region Name="PUBLIC NESTED STRUCTS">
<Entry DisplayName="Public Nested Structs">
<Entry.Match>
<And>
<Access Is="Public" />
<Kind Is="Struct" />
</And>
</Entry.Match>
</Entry>
</Region>
<Region Name="NESTED STRUCTS">
<Entry DisplayName="Nested STRUCTS">
<Entry.Match>
<Kind Is="Struct" />
</Entry.Match>
</Entry>
</Region>
<Region Name="PUBLIC NESTED CLASSES">
<Entry DisplayName="Public Nested Classes">
<Entry.Match>
<And>
<Access Is="Public" />
<Kind Is="Class" />
</And>
</Entry.Match>
</Entry>
</Region>
<Region Name="NESTED CLASSES">
<Entry DisplayName="Nested Classes">
<Entry.Match>
<Kind Is="Class" />
</Entry.Match>
</Entry>
</Region>
</TypePattern>
</Patterns>